Takako Doi

Not to be confused with Takao Doi.

Takako Doi
土井 たか子
Doi in 2005
Speaker of the House of Representatives
In office 6 August 1993 – 27 September 1996
Monarch	Akihito
Deputy	Hyōsuke Kujiraoka
Preceded by	Yoshio Sakurauchi
Succeeded by	Sōichirō Itō
Chairwoman of the Social Democratic Party
In office 9 September 1986 – 31 July 1991
Preceded by	Masashi Ishibashi
Succeeded by	Makoto Tanabe
In office 28 September 1996 – 15 November 2003
Preceded by	Tomiichi Murayama
Succeeded by	Mizuho Fukushima
Member of the House of Representatives
In office 27 December 1969 – 11 September 2005
Personal details
Born	(1928-11-30)30 November 1928 Kobe, Hyōgo, Empire of Japan
Died	20 September 2014(2014-09-20) (aged 85) Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
Political party	Social Democratic Party
Other political affiliations	Japanese Socialist Party

Takako Doi (土井 たか子, Doi Takako, 30 November 1928 – 20 September 2014) was a prominent Japanese politician from 1980 until her retirement in 2005. She was the first female Lower House Speaker in Japan, the highest position a female politician has ever held in the country's modern history, as well as the country's first female Opposition Leader.

Biography

Early years

Doi was born in Hyōgo Prefecture and graduated from Doshisha University, where she studied law. She was elected to the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Diet, as a member of the Japan Socialist Party (JSP) in 1969, representing the 2nd district of Hyōgo. She spent her first ten years in the House on the sidelines, but came to national attention in 1980 when she was highly critical of Japan's unequal treatment of women, specifically about women-only home economics degrees and the father-dominated family registration law. She pressured the Diet to sign the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1985.

Doi became Vice Chair of the JSP in 1983 and the first female leader of a political party division in Japanese history in 1986, as chair of the JSP Central Policy Division. The JSP took a record high number of seats in 1990, when it won 136 seats in the House of Representatives, partly because of Doi's popularity, but she resigned her party post in 1991, in the wake of the Gulf War.

In 1994, no party held a majority in the House and the JSP took the lead in forming a coalition government. The JSP's president, Tomiichi Murayama, became prime minister. However, the coalition collapsed in 1996 and, following a disastrous electoral defeat for the JSP later that year, Doi returned to lead the party.

Party leader

Doi was a popular opposition politician, but as party leader she saw her party collapse. Her chief act as leader was to rename the JSP as the Social Democratic Party (SDP), in 1996. Moderating the characters for "Socialism" by adding "Democratic" to the party name, Doi said that she wanted to form a more moderate party and bring more women into politics. Doi was responsible for recruiting young women with grass-roots activist backgrounds, such as Kiyomi Tsujimoto, into the party.

In 1998, former members of the JSP and of other parties formed the Democratic Party of Japan, and the SDP became a third-tier opposition party, watching its numbers steadily decline. The SDP was a minor party by the time the reality of the Japanese abductees taken by North Korea came to light in 2003. Doi's status plummeted as her earlier statements telling abductee families to "get over it" were shown on television, as was Doi's comment in Pyongyang in 1987 at the birthday party of Kim Il Sung: "We JSP members respect the glorious success of DPRK under the great leader Kim Il Sung." Doi apologized to the families and claimed that North Korean authorities had been deceiving her all along, but resigned the party leadership soon after. In 1989, Doi, together with Naoto Kan, Keiko Chiba, Tomiichi Murayama and other 129 Japanese politicians from Japan Socialist Party, Socialist Democratic Federation and Komeito signed a petition to the South Korean President Roh Tae-woo for the release of North Korean spies including Sin Gwang-su who had kidnapped a Japanese person in June 1980.

Loss of seats

Doi lost her directly elected seat in the House of Representatives in the 2003 election but remained in the House, having won a seat under the proportional representation system. She lost this seat in 2005 elections.

Death

She died in a hospital in Hyogo Prefecture of pneumonia on 20 September 2014, at the age of 85.

References

• [1]
• [2]
• [3] On the North Korea Question An interview with Fuwa Tetsuzo, JCP Central Committee Chair, Japan Press Weekly, January 2004